Native Woodland Winter Plants in the Landscape
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Downy rattlesnake plantain by Alex Katovich, Bugwood.org.
Three native plants to look for during the winter are rattlesnake plantain, striped wintergreen and running cedar. Downy rattlesnake plantain is a native orchid that has beautiful evergreen leaves that are often covered by a layer of leaf litter in winter. It grows in hardwood forests across the eastern United States. The “rattlesnake” name comes from the resemblance of its cluster of brown fruits to a rattlesnake rattle and how the leaf pattern resembles scales. To see the white flowers, take a closer look around July or August. Striped wintergreen is a tiny evergreen plant.
Wintergreen by Alex Katovich, Bugwood.org.
It is native to the Piedmont and can occasionally be found in the Coastal Plain. It often pops up in suburban landscapes, a remnant of an earlier, wild landscape. As long as it is left in place, it will grow more plants and even bloom, much to the surprise of homeowners unfamiliar with it. In addition to the foliage, you might also see a seed capsule left over from last year. Running cedar or clubmoss, gets its name due to its resemblance of juniper and looks like a miniature conifer. It is a wonderful native ground cover growing to around six inches tall and slowly spreads by underground runners. Clubmoss doesn’t produce seeds; rather it reproduces by spores in the same way ferns reproduce.
Clubmoss by Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org.
Clubmoss is an excellent plant; unfortunately, it doesn’t lend well for cultivation and will not survive transplanting. It is best to enjoy this plant on your next woodland stroll. For more information about horticulture topics contact your local North Carolina Cooperative Extension office at 919-496-3344 or email colby_griffin@ncsu.edu.